Thursday, April 9, 2015

Reality Television

Which elements of reality TV are real? Clearly the people are real (not animated).  Their identities appear real, not actors playing a character’s role.  The settings do not appear to be on Hollywood stages.  But are the situations genuine?  Reality TV is a hybrid: not scripted like sitcoms, not actors performing in dramatic roles.  Reality TV features regular people in circumstances that are constructed to mirror parts of real life, such as dating in The Bachelor, vacationing at the Jersey Shore, or caring for children in Supernanny.  The later is the focus of this review.
 
Each episode of Supernanny followed the same pattern as frustrated parents, driven to the brink of insanity with the struggles of raising their children, reached out for help from Nanny Jo, a former nanny and child raising expert, who entered the home and provided wise and practical advice on how to re-engineer the home.  The interactions appear spontaneous (not scripted) as the knowledgeable nanny first viewed the family interacting, later providing an evaluation on how to improve the household.  Portrayed as distressing to parents, especially to super-stressed and overwrought mothers, the evaluation sessions were frequently filled with crying women – overwhelmed by their role and obviously distressed with their childrearing failures.  See images below.
Because they focus on men and women in domestic situations, reality parenting shows such as Supernanny can scrutinize and expose gender roles. However, the majority of the nanny’s advice focused on changing the practices of the primary caregiver – an incompetent, lenient mother – so that the father, who could pitch-in somewhat after work, would not come home to chaos.  The camera spotlighted the moms as upset and humiliated as the nanny doled out ridicule for their lack of domestic control, while the solemn dads cautiously listened and comforted inept wives.  This patriarchal reinforcement of gender roles was subtle, portraying women as responsible for nurturing, unable to cope without outbursts of emotion while men were to calmly look on as their focus remained on the family’s financial support.  Supernanny was guilty of proliferating traditional gender roles, frequently providing day planners to structure how women needed to take charge of the job of domestic manager. 
The allure of the show was that audiences thought they were getting genuine parenting advice about genuine people’s problems from a genuine expert.  But the most genuine aspect lied in attracting a specific audience demographic:  a breeding ground for advertising.  In his article “Marketing Reality to the World”, author Chris Jordan asserted that “Advertisers readily sponsored Survivor because of its design as a virtual commercial for their products” (Dines 518).  The same argument could be made for the success of Supernanny in attracting a captive audience of parents of young families who were concerned with raising those children.

Jordan also pointed to the low production costs make reality TV shows attractive since the number of television channels “competing for funding and audiences advertising is that broadcasters must spend greater and greater sums on marketing to get their shows noticed…” (Dines 521).  Without a large cast (only Nanny Jo) or production sets (only the family’s homes), the cost of producing Supernanny would have been far below popular scripted sitcoms, like The Big Bang Theory, where the lead actors are paid $1 million per episode, and the producer, Warner Brothers TV, “is expected to clear $1 billion in profits, with some projecting that Big Bang could contribute to Time Warner’s bottom line twice that over its lifespan” (Andreeva).  Obviously, television is big business.
Reality parenting shows, like Supernanny, which allow women to be shown as inept caregivers who berate themselves for not living-up to the standards of motherhood, reinforce the patriarchy of our culture while also attracting women to products that support their caregiver role.  This show, like other reality TV programs, was designed to make money by selling products to women using the backdrop of improving their parenting expertise. 

                                                                    Works Cited

Andreeva, Nellie. “Big Bang Theory’ Stars Jim Parsons, Johnny Galecki and Kaley Cuoco Close Big New Deals.” Huffington Post. 4 August 2014. Web. 10 April 2015.

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